ØWPCÉ KSÇÿY:šÎ ­»«!–ÿT\É<õÏÁ‡EªÆm¦°ÑÌ—%)•Ç¼¸Ž¬Ðp_›”Jç0£‘^”¢°Eó„xõhÐJžhdÀÅ„ׂÇç1…³ c%ËscÖj­|jÒ˜{VV1¤ìÁveQ`¬ãj~ZÈ|"ƒʟSfè€òðc ¨»þi§‚oýnüÞTà/g¯£¼ºlc–ß›À@ÐZSB*ƒG*²2§Æ7FŽ;zöÊ ð` ›·K¨:%úùõAš!'õÈMJh]5Tw‡,oÇÛóu ”K6ÇÊe´?îÔeB¶ÏÐÜ]ógÓ(ËËg|qé-´§èjÕ ¨_z§Hs†¹ `ðñ—–ÿ>Ò=_¿0«E+ô‚²ØÛÈñ:.k’±ê¢KÑí÷“K•­{i©(÷B"EÇpdhg¤û`RÏ>"ÊÂÏÆâLx†¥Ô´· ±N((ÏêÏ*vÈ»ƒ÷Ð*´Í8ÖDÔ¥3ÖÞ²"• þÕª)ͱX  Q!0úvS?ah¯õÙ¬_zÏù•,×à MP{›oè×òǯصüjãÂ7r¶WgáY?x àÓs#çJUªN %Y 0(_ UäB½ 1uƒ f> a@ BT fq as f½ aÅ fÿ aÄ 72Ò 72Œ f a 0D- Nq ws 4w Ñ û mþ fÒ aµ fƒ aè f§ a‡ f› aÖ f a f! a# 0‚c7 B.*û 0w€ U:;fuaw 0DÑ^ ìwóó AiRR®Èªªªªªªªªªªªª 0DÅ–êײ²²²²²²² 1_ð B™faf'a))))))E ============================= D K?ùHP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScriptæ®ííííæ®0x…Ì9 ZÑ6Times New Roman RegularX($ÁÁ™\  `*Times New RomanTT3#37=CIQYagÐÐ1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Ô@TABLE A dÔ@TABLE AL*TABLE CTABLE Di)J djTABLE F(3ø$¤¤  °!     { ¿(¸"C¥Mcrel3|xØUÑØËËËL*TABLE CL*TABLE CL*TABLE CL*TABLE CL*TABLE CL*TABLE C(;3£$««ï2#ïò  ò0ò  ò.ï3  ïˆ0  ˆ&ØØ0 d d(OŽ;$µµˆ0  ˆï2#ïò  òaò  ò.ï3  ïˆ0` (#(#ˆ³c¸ÂAZÑ"Arial RegularÔ@TABLE A(3ø$££  °!      °Ÿ(  mï_ïï½™±˜XXï˜ ˜1.¥¥Comprehensiveness— —ï#ºX™’X˜™±#ï3-[Inline Te&xt" <<CØØ¥Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 (3ø$©©  °!        °ø'     ï_ïï½^{®\XXïNorth¥Dakota¥Collaboration¥for¥Excellence¥Seriesˆ¥JJ)(#ˆHandbook¥12:¥Meeting¥Special¥NeedsÃÜ Ü Üï#ºX™’X\^{®+#ï ê  °@ø)     ï_ïï½^{®\XXïNorth¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction¥³¥8/1/00ˆ¥”"”"J(#ˆò  ò1ò  òï#ºX™’X\^{®+#ï3•$37;?CGKOS¡¡-*+xšØ  d4—TABLE BL*TABLE CKKKK?Heavy ShadowdZd  °!     ï_ï„Ü¡„„ˆ¡„…¥AØØ……¥BØØ…„  „ï½X™’XXXï J(•$33ªîî*¡¯X¡É,ËäX¡þX*îííííííííííííｆ\W†XX™’ï˜ ˜î  îHANDBOOK¥12:Ü ˆ   ÜMeeting¥Special¥NeedsÜ *Z  Üîvîˆ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆˆ ü ˆˆ Š ˆˆ  ˆˆ < ˆˆ h ˆíï#ºX™’X††\WT#ï— —íííííííííï*Ñ°L Mddd Xdd Xdd X¡(#¡(#Ñïï,xdd ïï+  ïÜ  : : Üî9¯¹­X4Ÿ!Ô#ÙX¡¯X¡É,ËäX9îî  îˆ @l ˆ˜ ˜CONTENTS— —Ü nõ ÜîÅî1.¥Understanding¥the¥Need¥for¥a¥Special¥CurriculumˆŸ!°.\\<ˆ3Ü ZÉ Ü2.¥Understanding¥the¥Basic¥ConceptsˆŸ!°.õõ-ˆ4Ü Fv Ü3.¥The¥Hallmarks¥of¥a¥Quality¥Special¥CurriculumˆŸ!°.««:ˆ8Ü 2 b Ü4.¥The¥Three¥Part¥Curriculum:¥The¥Regular¥CurriculumˆŸ!°.hh>ˆ9Ü !N Ü5.¥The¥Three¥Part¥Curriculum:¥The¥Special¥Curriculumï#ºX™’XXX™’~#ïï½X™’XXX™’!°.>>>ˆ12Ü  ": Ü6.¥The¥Three¥Part¥Curriculum:¥The¥Individual¥Curriculumï#ºX™’XXX™’¬#ïï½X™’XXX™’!°.$$Aˆ16ï#ºX™’XXX™’S#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïÜ š"&  Ü7.¥Assembling¥the¥Componentsï#ºX™’XXX™’Ó#ïï½X™’XXX™’!°.‰‰&ˆ17ï#ºX™’XXX™’%#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïÜ ‰#!  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Üíî9¡¯X¡É,ËäX¯¹­X4Ÿ!Ô#ÙX9îíííï½™±˜XX™’ïA¥Handbook¥in¥the¥˜˜Collaboration¥for¥Excellence——¥SeriesÜ û)æ&% ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Division¥of¥Independent¥StudyÜ ^*Ú'& ÜOffice¥of¥Curriculum¥and¥ImprovementÜ "+R(' ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction¥ÝÝ¥2000ï#ºX™’X˜™±6#ïｆ\W†XX™’ïÜ  ¾+)( Üî ¥îíï#ºX™’X††\Ww #ïï#ºX™’XXX™’³#ïˆ † ˆThis¥handbook¥is¥one¥of¥a¥series¥published¥for¥the¥project¥˜˜Collaboration¥for¥Excellence:¥TheÜ wi ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Curriculum¥Project.——¥¥Ü c U Üî ¥îî ¥îˆ † ˆThe¥publication¥is¥free¥to¥public¥school¥educators¥in¥North¥Dakota,¥who¥may¥make¥copiesÜ  á Üwithout¥permission.¥ï_ïï_ïÜ ± £ ܈ † ˆThese¥handbooks¥represent¥a¥team¥product.¥A¥major¥contributor¥was¥¥Ann¥Clapper,¥who¥wasÜ   Üpreviously¥Director¥of¥the¥Office¥of¥Curriculum¥Leadership¥and¥Improvement.¥NumerousÜ Ø –  Üeducators¥in¥North¥Dakota¥reviewed¥all¥these¥materials¥and¥made¥valuable¥suggestions.¥Ü ‘   ÜEspecially¥helpful¥were¥the¥following¥North¥Dakota¥educators:¥Janet¥Edlund,¥Dakota¥PrairieÜ ×ƒ  ÜHigh¥School;¥Cheryl¥Kuhas,¥North¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction;¥Karen¥Nelson,Ü Ìµ  ÜHettinger;¥Sandra¥Willprecht,¥Forman.¥¥Allan¥A.¥Glatthorn,¥Distinguished¥Research¥Professor¥atÜ øÁ  ÜEast¥Carolina¥University,¥served¥as¥consultant¥to¥the¥project.¥Ü ýÙ  ܈ † ˆIt¥should¥be¥emphasized¥that¥the¥processes¥suggested¥here¥should¥be¥seen¥only¥asÜ à• Ürecommendations,¥not¥mandates.¥¥The¥authors¥value¥the¥ability¥of¥North¥Dakota¥educators¥toÜ Žó Üdevelop¥their¥own¥processes¥that¥reflect¥the¥needs¥and¥resources¥of¥their¥schools.ï½X™’XXX™’ïÜ  Í‚ Üî ¥¯ î˜ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*e°Nr Oddxdd xL M¡(#¡(#eïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Ü1.ˆ0 @ ˆï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y#ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïUNDERSTANDING¥THE¥NEED¥FOR¥A¥SPECIAL¥CURRICULUMï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y#ïÜ#rd@ù!@ù! #Ü— —î ¥îˆ † ˆíˆ † ˆThere¥is¥much¥talk¥these¥days¥in¥North¥Dakota¥about¥a¥standards³based¥curriculum.¥¥˜˜Ü rd Ü——˜ ˜Curriculum¥standards— —¥are¥statements¥of¥the¥content¥that¥students¥are¥to¥learn¥in¥one¥subject¥forÜ ^ P Üall¥grades¥or¥levels.¥Special¥educators¥and¥school¥administrators¥are¥currently¥debating¥the¥issueÜ N @ Üof¥whether¥a¥single¥standards³based¥curriculum¥should¥be¥provided¥for¥all¥students¥or¥whetherÜ : , Üspecial¥learners¥need¥a¥curriculum¥designed¥for¥them¥alone.¥Those¥arguing¥for¥a¥singleÜ &  Ücurriculum¥believe¥that¥an¥inclusive¥curriculum¥that¥uses¥the¥same¥standards¥for¥all¥students¥isÜ   Üthe¥best¥way¥to¥operationalize¥the¥core¥concepts¥of¥inclusion.¥¥Those¥arguing¥for¥special¥standardsÜ ß Ý  Üfor¥special¥students¥believe¥that¥the¥uniqueness¥of¥special¥learners¥warrants¥the¥development¥of¥aÜ †  Üspecial¥education¥curriculum¥based¥upon¥special¥standards.¥¥Ü …é  ܈ † ˆThe¥position¥taken¥here¥is¥that¥special¥learners¥deserve¥a¥differentiated¥standards³basedÜ 8*  Ücurriculum,¥one¥that¥builds¥upon¥the¥common¥curriculum¥but¥adapts¥and¥supplements¥it¥in¥specialÜ $  Üways.¥As¥explained¥further¥below,¥such¥a¥curriculum¥is¥like¥a¥pie¥that¥has¥one¥part¥regular,¥oneÜ  Üpart¥special,¥and¥one¥part¥individual.Ü Ÿ” ܈ † ˆThis¥handbook¥will¥provide¥you¥with¥the¥knowledge¥and¥skills¥you¥need¥to¥develop¥aÜ ^P Üstandards³based¥curriculum¥for¥special¥learners.¥While¥the¥authors¥of¥this¥handbook¥believe¥thatÜ J< Üthe¥policy¥of¥˜ ˜inclusion— —¥is¥effective¥for¥most¥special¥learners¥and¥their¥classmates,¥there¥is¥noÜ 6( Üintent¥here¥to¥mandate¥inclusion¥for¥all¥students.¥¥Those¥decisions¥are¥best¥made¥at¥the¥local¥levelÜ & Üon¥the¥basis¥of¥the¥individual¥needs¥of¥special¥learners.¥Administrators¥and¥teachers¥should¥findÜ  Üthat¥the¥processes¥suggested¥here¥are¥useful¥for¥the¥special¥learners¥who¥attend¥public¥schools,Ü ßÝ Üregardless¥of¥their¥placement.Ü † ܈ † ˆThere¥are¥several¥reasons¥why¥special¥learners¥need¥their¥own¥curriculum:¥Ü L> ܈ † ˆ "­'3£"      ­'3£¯ ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Rather¥than¥experiencing¥a¥patchwork¥curriculum¥as¥each¥teacher¥makes¥curriculumÜ ¨Ê Üdecisions,¥like¥all¥the¥rest¥of¥the¥students,¥special¥learners¥learn¥best¥from¥a¥well³Ü ûÔ Ücoordinated¥curriculum¥based¥on¥their¥developmental¥needs.¥ °'3£¯ Ôܺx(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£ú ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    While¥they¥have¥individual¥needs,¥most¥have¥common¥strengths¥and¥weaknesses¥to¥whichÜ  ò  Üa¥well³designed¥curriculum¥can¥respond.¥ °'3£úñ ÔÜï!®!(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£“ ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    A¥well³structured¥curriculum¥can¥simplify¥the¥development¥of¥IEPs. °'3£“% ÔÜ 6#(#(#(# ÜÔ    î ¥»î˜ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*e°r ddLdd LNr O¡(#¡(#eïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Ü2.ˆ0 @ ˆï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y #ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïUNDERSTANDING¥THE¥BASIC¥CONCEPTSï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y #ïï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ#rd@ù!@ù! 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Üwhat¥has¥worked¥before,¥the¥tests¥that¥will¥be¥given,¥and¥the¥materials¥they¥haveÜ ( Üavailable.¥¥They¥tend¥to¥see¥the¥district¥curriculum¥guide¥only¥as¥a¥reminder¥of¥whatÜ  Üthey¥should¥emphasize. °)Ž; +Y+ Ôܘ4(#4(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ò- ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    ˜ ˜Supported— — °'3£Ò-. ÔÜbT(#(# ÜÔ     "­)Ž;"     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­)Ž;ù. ˆ0  ˆï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ04(#(#ˆ    The¥curriculum¥that¥includes¥the¥resources¥that¥support¥the¥curriculumÝ"Ýtextbooks,Ü R D Üsoftware,¥and¥other¥media.¥¥Since¥elementary¥teachers¥in¥self³contained¥classroomÜ >!0 Üusually¥have¥to¥teach¥all¥four¥academic¥subjects,¥they¥tend¥to¥rely¥on¥the¥text,Ü *"  Üespecially¥in¥areas¥where¥they¥are¥not¥strong¥in¥content¥knowledge. °)Ž;ù.Œ. ÔÜ#!4(#4(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­'3£0 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    ˜ ˜Assessed— — °'3£0F1 ÔÜx$j#(#(# ÜÔ     "­)Ž;"     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­)Ž; 1 ˆ0  ˆï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ04(#(#ˆ    The¥curriculum¥that¥appears¥in¥tests¥and¥performance¥measures:¥state¥tests,Ü h%Z $ Üstandardized¥tests,¥district¥tests,¥and¥teacher³made¥tests.¥¥Teachers¥are¥especiallyÜ T&F!% Üconcerned¥about¥preparing¥their¥students¥for¥Ý Ýhigh¥stakesÝÝ¥tests¥given¥by¥the¥state,Ü @'2"& Üsince¥such¥tests¥are¥often¥used¥to¥evaluate¥school¥and¥the¥individual¥teacherÜ ,(#' Üeffectiveness. °)Ž; 1*2 ÔÜ) $(4(#4(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­'3£o4 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    ˜ ˜Learned— — °'3£o4¹4 ÔÜz*l%*(#(# ÜÔ     "­)Ž; "     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­)Ž;R5 ˆ0  ˆï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ04(#(#ˆ    The¥bottom³line¥curriculumï½X™’XXX™’ïÝ"Ýï#ºX™’XXX™’6#ïthe¥curriculum¥that¥students¥actually¥learn.¥¥Even¥withÜ j+\&+ Üeffective¥teachers,¥there¥is¥often¥a¥gap¥between¥the¥taught¥and¥the¥learned¥curriculaÜ V,H', Üsince¥students¥are¥not¥always¥attentive¥and¥do¥not¥always¥understand¥what¥is¥beingÜ B-4(- Ütaught. °)Ž;R5Ä5 ÔÜ.. ).4(#4(# ÜÔ     "­'3£ "     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ë7 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    ˜ ˜Hidden— — °'3£Ë7 8 ÔÜ(#(# ÜÔ     "­)Ž; "     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­)Ž;¢8 ˆ0  ˆï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ04(#(#ˆ    Such¥a¥curriculum¥is¥hidden¥because¥most¥administrators¥and¥teachers¥are¥unaware¥ofÜ ßÝ Üit.¥¥It¥is¥what¥students¥learn¥from¥the¥schoolÝÝs¥policies,¥procedures,¥values,¥andÜ † Üenvironment. °)Ž;¢8•8 ÔÜ…é4(#4(# ÜÔ     "­'3£ "     î ¥îˆ † ˆ ­'3£j: ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    ˜ ˜Excluded— — °'3£j:á: ÔÜ8 *(#(# ÜÔ     "­)Ž; "     ˆ † ˆ ­)Ž;N; ˆ0  ˆï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ04(#(#ˆ    The¥curriculum¥content¥that¥has¥been¥omitted¥from¥the¥curriculum.¥ °)Ž;N;½; ÔÜ( 4(#4(# ÜÔ    î ¥îíˆ † ˆˆ0  ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ˜˜Consider¥these¥issues¥that¥are¥excluded¥from¥most¥U.¥S.¥history¥curricula:¥theÜ v h  Üinterment¥of¥Japanese³Americans¥in¥World¥War¥2;¥the¥importance¥of¥religion¥inÜ b T  ÜAmerican¥life;¥the¥impact¥of¥the¥labor¥movement.¥¥Many¥special¥learners¥haveÜ N@  Ünever¥experienced¥a¥Shakespeare¥play;¥it¥has¥been¥excluded¥from¥their¥curriculumÜ :,  Übecause¥some¥teachers¥unwisely¥consider¥it¥Ý Ýover¥their¥heads.ÝÝ——Ü& ` (#` (# ܈ † ˆSeveral¥implications¥emerge¥from¥the¥analysis¥of¥the¥curriculum¥of¥special¥learners:Ü Ãz  Ü "­'3£ "     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£$? ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Focus¥on¥the¥learned¥curriculum;¥ensure¥that¥special¥students¥master¥an¥appropriate¥and¥aÜ †  Üquality¥curriculum. °'3£$?]? ÔÜ…é(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£ "     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£g@ ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Give¥special¥attention¥to¥the¥taught¥curriculum,¥since¥it¥is¥the¥major¥element¥influencingÜ 8* Üthe¥learned.¥¥Use¥instructional¥methods¥that¥build¥on¥the¥special¥learnersÝÝ¥strengths. °'3£g@Ê@ ÔÜ$(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£ "     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£–A ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Provide¥a¥multifaceted¥written¥curriculum¥to¥meet¥the¥needs¥of¥special¥learners. °'3£–A*B Ôܺx(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£C ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Structure¥the¥supported¥curriculum¥so¥that¥special¥learners¥use¥materials¥and¥resourcesÜ ò Üthat¥facilitate¥their¥learning. °'3£C Üanalyzing¥the¥science¥standard¥about¥the¥earth.Ü 8 * ܈ † ˆ˜˜ˆ  ˆExample:¥¥Knows¥the¥major¥differences¥between¥fresh¥and¥ocean¥waters.——Ü û Ô ܘ ˜íPerformance¥standard— —Ü ^ P  ܈ † ˆA¥performance¥standard¥is¥a¥statement¥of¥the¥level¥of¥student¥performance¥that¥will¥beÜ ËÓ  Üconsidered¥acceptable.¥An¥example¥of¥a¥performance¥standard¥is¥the¥minimum¥score¥on¥theÜ Âõ  ÜGraduate¥Record¥Examination¥that¥a¥university¥will¥accept¥for¥admission¥to¥graduate¥studies.¥Ü ùÉ  ÜHere¥is¥an¥example¥of¥a¥performance¥standard¥for¥a¥special¥learner¥studying¥ocean¥and¥freshÜ ³v  Üwater.Ü pb  ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆ˜˜Example:¥¥Correctly¥specifies¥one¥difference¥between¥fresh¥and¥ocean¥waters.——Ü ñ€ ܘ ˜íOpportunity¥Standard— —¥Ü öà ܈ † ˆAn¥opportunity¥standard¥is¥a¥statement¥of¥the¥supports¥required¥for¥the¥student¥to¥achieve¥theÜ ßÝ Üperformance¥standard¥with¥respect¥to¥a¥given¥curriculum¥standard.¥¥Here¥is¥an¥example¥of¥anÜ † Üopportunity¥standard¥for¥special¥learners.Ü …é ܘ˜ˆ0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆExample:¥ˆ0Ô (#(#ˆThe¥special¥learners¥will¥experience¥a¥curriculum¥that¥has¥beenˆ Ü ˆÜ 8* Üadapted¥to¥respond¥to¥their¥special¥needs.¥——Ü$Ô (#Ô (# ܈ † ˆThe¥point¥is¥to¥ensure¥that¥the¥learners¥have¥the¥opportunity¥to¥achieve¥the¥performanceÜ ºx  Üstandard.¥Ü rd! Üíî  î˜ ˜Performance¥Tasks¥and¥Assessments— —Ü 6!(% ÜîïSîˆ † ˆOnce¥the¥curriculum¥standards¥and¥their¥benchmarks¥have¥been¥identified,¥you¥then¥need¥toÜ ù"É' Üdefine¥the¥performance¥task¥and¥its¥performance¥assessment.¥Ü ³#v( ܘ ˜Performance¥Task— —¥¥Ü ¾$¯* ܈ † ˆA¥performance¥task¥is¥an¥open³ended¥problem¥that¥students¥solve,¥using¥the¥knowledge¥theyÜ N&@!, Ühave¥acquired.¥Ü :',"- ܈0 † ˆ˜˜Examples¥of¥performance¥tasks¥that¥some¥special¥learners¥could¥accomplish:Üþ(Ú#/†(#†(# ܈ † ˆ*¥ˆ0  ˆDraw¥a¥map¥showing¥how¥to¥get¥from¥your¥house¥to¥your¥school¥or¥your¥school¥bus¥stop.Üß)Ý$1(#(# ܈ † ˆ*ˆ0  ˆSuppose¥that¥your¥dog¥needs¥a¥fenced³in¥place.¥You¥decide¥to¥make¥the¥space¥20¥feet¥longÜ `+R&3 Üand¥10¥feet¥wide.¥¥How¥much¥fencing¥would¥you¥need?ÜL,>'4(#(# ܈ † ˆ*¥ˆ0  ˆSuppose¥that¥you¥were¥a¥Native¥American¥back¥in¥the¥time¥of¥Columbus.¥What¥do¥youÜ ¨-Ê(6 Üthink¥you¥would¥have¥felt¥about¥the¥arrival¥of¥the¥white¥people?¥¥Make¥a¥recording¥ofÜ û.Ô)7 Üwhat¥your¥thoughts¥would¥have¥been.——Ü(#(# ܘ ˜íPerformance¥Assessment— —¥Ü ñ€ ܈ † ˆA¥performance¥assessment¥is¥an¥evaluation¥of¥how¥successfully¥the¥student¥has¥completed¥theÜ : , Üperformance¥task.¥Ü &  Üî ¥îˆ0 † ˆ˜˜Example¥of¥performance¥assessments¥of¥special¥learners:Üà z †(#†(# ܈ † ˆ*ˆ0  ˆInterview¥the¥student.Üt f (#(# ܈ † ˆ*ˆ0  ˆHave¥the¥student¥answer¥written¥questions.Ü` R (#(# ܈ † ˆ*ˆ0  ˆEvaluate¥a¥product¥the¥student¥has¥produced,¥such¥as¥a¥letter,¥or¥a¥model,¥or¥a¥speech.ÜL> (#(# Üî ¥îˆ † ˆ*ˆ0  ˆObserve¥the¥student¥as¥he¥or¥she¥demonstrates¥what¥has¥been¥learned.——Ü8* (#(# ܈ † ˆIn¥assessing¥the¥performance¥you¥should¥develop¥and¥apply¥˜ ˜rubrics— —.¥A¥rubric¥is¥a¥scoringÜ ûÔ  Üguide¥to¥help¥you¥and¥the¥student¥know¥what¥qualities¥will¥be¥assessed.¥Display¥12³1¥shows¥partÜ É|  Üof¥the¥rubrics¥for¥the¥task¥of¥making¥a¥map¥cited¥above.Ü vh  Üï#ºX™’XXX™’ýH#ïí§A¥(U)öMxT`dEöM0xA§ˆ † ˆíˆ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆíñ¡ñ˜ ˜ñ¡ñï½*X@j XXX™’ïî  îî ¥îDisplay¥12³1:Ü ßÝ ÜRubrics¥for¥Drawing¥a¥MapÜ † Üî^î— —ï#ºX™’X X*X@j¾]#ïî ¥^îï*e°+r ,ddLdd Lr Ü Ü eïï,ìdd ïï,rdd ïï,½dd ïï+  ïÜ $…é…é ³³$Üï½™±˜XX™’ïCriteriaÜ ':, ³³'ÜPerformance¥RatingÜ ':, ³³'ÜIndicatorsÜ %¥(:, ··%ܧW¥1/# `Ë ElÆËHËHlÆËHW§Ü 8¥(+)Æ­ØØ``( 8ÜExcellent:¥AÜ '¥(Æ­ ( 'ÜIncludes¥all¥6¥components:¥orientation;¥location¥ofÜ Æ­! Üschool¥or¥bus¥stop;¥location¥of¥home;¥route¥numbers;Ü TF" Üroad¥names;¥distancesÜ ( #( ·ª·(ÜÜ   ß#ª ÜVery¥good:¥BÜ  pb$ ÜIncludes¥5¥componentsÜ  pb% ·ª·ÜÜ  l^%ª ÜMore¥thanÜ Üå& ÜSatisfactory:¥CÜ  ä º' ÜIncludes¥4¥componentsÜ  Üå( ·ª·ÜÜ  Ã!z(ª ÜSatisfactory:¥DÜ  “!Þ) Üï#ºX™’X˜™±©_#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïIncludes¥3¥componentsï#ºX™’X˜™±=c#ïÜ  “!Þ* ·ª·ÜÜ  "ò*ª Üï½™±˜XX™’ïPoor:¥FÜ  L#>+ Üï#ºX™’X˜™±c#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïIncludes¥1¥or¥2¥componentsï#ºX™’X˜™±#d#ïÜ L#>,  Üíï½X™’XXX™’ïˆ@““*“ˆÃíñ¡ññ¡ñï#ºX™’XXX™’úd#ï§A¥(U)»exT`d/]E»(0xA§ï½X™’XXX™’ïÜ  é'¼"0 ܘ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*Ñ°r ddìdd ìrdd r½dd ½+r ,¡(#¡(#Ñïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Ü3.ˆ0 @ ˆï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y°e#ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïUNDERSTANDING¥THE¥HALLMARKS¥OF¥A¥QUALITYÜ rd ÜSPECIAL¥EDUCATION¥CURRICULUMï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Yõf#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ#ºx@ù!@ù! #Ü— —ˆ † ˆíï#ºX™’X˜™±9g#ïï#ºX™’XXX™’Le#ïˆ † ˆA¥review¥of¥the¥literature¥and¥an¥analysis¥of¥our¥experience¥suggest¥that¥the¥followingÜ ï ® Üfeatures¥would¥be¥found¥in¥a¥quality¥curriculum¥for¥special¥learners.¥(See,¥for¥example,¥Ford,Ü Ë Ó ÜDavern,¥&¥Scnorr,¥1992;¥Mastropieri¥&¥Scroggs,¥1992;¥and¥Schrag,¥1993.)Ü  õ ܈ † ˆ "­'3£"      ­'3£$i ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    A¥significant¥part¥of¥the¥curriculum¥is¥based¥on¥the¥same¥standards¥used¥in¥developing¥theÜ   Üregular¥curriculum.¥These¥standards¥will¥be¥addressed¥by¥making¥such¥adaptations¥asÜ œ “  Üusing¥alternative¥instructional¥methods¥and¥providing¥additional¥time.¥ °'3£$iQi Ôܾ¯ (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£¿j ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    A¥major¥part¥of¥the¥curriculum¥has¥been¥developed¥for¥special¥learners¥in¥general,¥to¥theÜ H:  Üextent¥that¥their¥needs¥can¥be¥predicted. °'3£¿j1k ÔÜ4& (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ql ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥unique¥needs¥of¥individual¥students¥are¥addressed¥through¥an¥individual¥curriculum. °'3£QlÉl ÔÜöà (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£jm ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥curriculum¥gives¥sufficient¥attention¥to¥the¥life¥skills¥that¥special¥learners¥need¥toÜ ¿ Üfunction¥effectively¥in¥society. °'3£jm£m ÔÜŠ…(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Èn ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥curriculum¥gives¥special¥learners¥access¥to¥a¥meaningful¥present¥and¥a¥hopeful¥future.¥Ü F8 ÜIt¥is¥not¥a¥dead³end¥curriculum,¥but¥is¥instead¥one¥that¥opens¥doors. °'3£Èn™n ÔÜ2$(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£2p ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥curriculum¥is¥flexible¥and¥provides¥a¥sound¥basis¥for¥Individualized¥EducationalÜ äº ÜPrograms. °'3£2pkp ÔÜ¥r(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£fq ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥basic¥special¥education¥curriculum¥is¥coordinated¥from¥grade¥to¥grade,¥so¥that¥theÜ ‰ï Ücurriculum¥for¥the¥present¥grade¥builds¥upon¥that¥for¥the¥previous¥grade¥and¥leads¥to¥theÜ ëË Üone¥for¥the¥next¥grade.¥Note¥that¥throughout¥this¥handbook¥the¥term¥˜ ˜grade— —¥is¥used¥toÜ ¼Â Üdesignate¥a¥level¥of¥curriculum,¥in¥order¥to¥achieve¥clarity.¥However,¥all¥placements¥forÜ »þ Üpurposes¥of¥instruction¥should¥be¥individualized,¥without¥concern¥for¥the¥studentÝÝs¥gradeÜ öà Ülevel.¥Also,¥the¥use¥of¥the¥term¥grade¥makes¥it¥easier¥to¥communicate¥with¥regularÜ ­t Üclassroom¥teachers¥and¥should¥facilitate¥inclusion. °'3£fqÄq ÔÜn ` (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Žt ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥curriculum¥gives¥special¥learners¥structured¥experiences¥in¥solving¥problems¥that¥areÜ Ü!å" Üreal¥for¥them.ˆ ü ˆˆ Š ˆˆ  ˆˆ < ˆˆ h ˆˆ Ë ˆˆ  ˆˆ p ˆ °'3£Žt"u Ôܹ"¨#(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£½v ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥curriculum¥is¥structured¥so¥that¥special¥learners¥can¥achieve¥mastery¥and¥learn¥inÜ $% Ürelative¥depth,¥rather¥than¥leading¥to¥superficial¥coverage.¥ˆ é ˆ °'3£½vËv ÔÜ  %Ÿ&(#(# ÜÔ    ˜ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*e°r ddLdd Lr ¡(#¡(#eïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Ü4.ˆ0 @ ˆï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Yx#ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïTHE¥THREE¥PART¥CURRICULUM:¥THE¥REGULARÜ rd ÜCURRICULUMï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Y›x#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïï½™±˜˜™±ïÜ#ºx@ù!@ù! 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4 ˆ    Likelihood¥of¥appearing¥on¥state¥tests °'3£§Ð$¨ ÔÜà z 4(#4(# ÜÔ    î ¥îˆ0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ˜˜Example:¥These¥are¥all¥the¥Life¥Science¥standards¥from¥the¥Kendall/MarzanoÜ  †  Ücompilation.¥¥The¥starred¥standards¥are¥those¥the¥task¥force¥identified¥asÜ … é  Üappropriate¥for¥special¥learners.Üå« ` (#` (# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ ` ˆ1.ˆ0Ô 4(#4(#ˆKnows¥about¥the¥diversity¥and¥unity¥that¥characterize¥life.¥*Ü¨Ê Ô (#Ô (# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ2.ˆ0Ô ` (#` (#ˆUnderstands¥the¥genetic¥basis¥for¥the¥transfer¥of¥biological¥characteristicsÜ ûÔ  Üfrom¥one¥generation¥to¥the¥next.ܺx Ô (#Ô (# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ3.¥ˆ0Ô ` (#` (#ˆKnows¥the¥general¥structure¥and¥functions¥of¥cells¥in¥organisms.Ürd Ô (#Ô (# ܈ † ˆˆ0  ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ4.¥ˆ0Ô ` (#` (#ˆUnderstands¥how¥species¥depend¥on¥one¥another¥and¥the¥environment¥forÜ ^P Üsurvival.¥*ÜJ<Ô (#Ô (# ܈0 † ˆˆ  ˆˆ04†(#†(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ5.¥ˆ0Ô ` (#` 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Üyears¥of¥schooling.¥¥A¥benchmark¥is¥one¥of¥several¥specific¥learning¥outcomes¥that¥categorize¥aÜ Ï ù  Üparticular¥standard.Ü j \  ܈ 4 ˆPlease¥read¥each¥item¥(benchmark)¥carefully.¥¥Then¥tell¥us¥how¥important¥each¥benchmark¥isÜ Æ­  Üfor¥our¥special¥learners¥at¥that¥grade¥level.Ü TF  ܘ˜í——˜ ˜Grade¥4— —Ü Êâ  ܘ ˜Standard— —:¥Understands¥the¥history¥of¥our¥local¥community.Ü Ìµ  Üï#º™±˜˜™±‡#ïï#ºX™’X˜™±iˆ#ïï*e°ddLdd L#r $Ü Ü eïï,ú d ïï,hd ïï,hdd ïï,hdd ïï,hdd ïï+  ïÜ (“Þ“Þ ­x­³³(Üï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ 'dV ³³'Üï#Zdddïï#ºX™’X˜™±òŒ#ïï½å8åXX™’ïDefinitelyÜ dV ÜNotÜ  ÜImportantÜ '€¦" ³³'ÜProbablyÜ dV ÜNotÜ  ÜImportantÜ '€¦" ³³'ÜImportantÜ 'dV" ³³'Üï#ºX™’Xåå8U¾#ïï½å8åXX™’ïï#ddZd ¾ïVeryÜ dV ÜImportantï#ºX™’Xåå8ã#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ 1' " x0 ­0­³³1Üï#ºX™’X˜™± #ïï½™±˜XX™’ïîN Ë¿æ ¥ãX 0¡­,× ­‡ Ïh­,äXNî1.ˆ0 ¿ ˆUnderstands¥changes¥in¥community¥lifeÜ ï®! Üover¥timeï#ºX™’X˜™±¥#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïˆ °.n n ˆï#ºX™’X˜™±aŽ#ïÜ PFùÉ"¿=¿= ª Ý?1ª³³ÅÝ?ÅPÜï½™±˜XX™’ï1Ü dZ0ï®#"  Ý?1 Ý? ª @2ª³³Å@ÅdÜ2Ü dZ0ï®$"  @2 @ ª @3ª³³Å@ÅdÜ3Ü dZ0ï®%"  @3 @ ª @4ª³³Å@ÅdÜï#ºX™’X˜™±#ïï½å8åXX™’ï4ï#ºX™’Xåå8‘#ïÜF<:ï®&"  @4 00  @ FÜíñ¡ññ¡ñ§A¥(U)»ËxT`dE»Ë0xA§ííï½X™’XXX™’ïî<¡üX¡Ñ,ãX Ë¿æ ¥ãX<îî ¥îÜ   Ÿ, ܈ † ˆ(3)ˆ0  ˆ˜ ˜Add¥Life¥Skills— —Ü(#(# Üî ¥îˆ † ˆˆ  ˆ³³ˆ0 4 ˆThe¥term¥life¥skills¥is¥used¥here¥to¥mean¥the¥processes¥used¥in¥everyday¥life¥to¥solveÜ ßÝ Üproblems,¥make¥decisions,¥and¥succeed¥as¥a¥family¥member,¥worker,¥and¥student.Ü † ÜWhile¥Kendall¥and¥Marzano¥(1997)¥recognize¥the¥need¥for¥this¥component¥in¥theÜ …é Üregular¥curriculum,¥it¥rarely¥appears¥in¥district¥curricula.¥¥And¥it¥seems¥especiallyÜ å« Üuseful¥for¥special¥learners.¥¥Therefore,¥the¥recommendation¥here¥is¥that¥the¥specialÜ ¨ Ê Ücurriculum¥should¥emphasize¥the¥life¥skills.¥To¥identify¥life¥skills,¥the¥followingÜ û Ô Üprocess¥may¥be¥used.ï#ºX™’XXX™’h“#ï¥Üº x4(#4(# ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆ1)ˆ0 ` ˆReview¥the¥literature¥on¥life¥skills,¥giving¥special¥attention¥to¥theÜ  ò  Ürecommendations¥of¥the¥state¥office.¥Üï ® ` (#` (# ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆ2)ˆ0 ` ˆIdentify¥the¥Life¥Skills¥standards¥that¥you¥consider¥useful.¥¥Ü6( ` (#` (# ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆ3)ˆ0 ` ˆIdentify¥the¥grade¥level¥benchmarks¥for¥each¥standard.ÜùÉ ` (#` (# Üï½X™’XXX™’ï˜ ˜î ¥îˆ0 † ˆˆ  ˆˆ04†(#†(#ˆˆ ` ˆ˜˜Example:¥Life¥Skill¥Standards— —¥¥——Üœ“ 4(#4(# ܈0 † ˆ˜˜ˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ(This¥list¥has¥been¥paraphrased¥from¥Lloyd¥and¥Brolin,¥1997.)ï#ºX™’XXX™’˜#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïܾ¯ ` (#` (# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Managing¥moneyÜñ€(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Maintaining¥supportive¥living¥environmentsܲ¡(#(# ܈0 † ˆï#ºX™’XXX™’}—#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Maintaining¥personal¥healthï#ºX™’XXX™’ï™#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïÜ»þ(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Developing¥appropriate¥personal¥relationshipsÜöÃ(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ04(#(#ˆˆ0` 4(#4(#ˆ*¥Using¥appropriate¥behavior¥while¥dining,¥at¥home¥and¥in¥the¥communityÜ­t` (#` (# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Buying¥and¥maintaining¥clothingÜn`(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Participating¥in¥leisure¥activitiesÜZL(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Finding¥your¥way¥in¥the¥communityÜF8(#(# Üíˆ0 † ˆ˜ ˜ˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆExample:¥Life¥Skill¥Benchmarks— —Ü(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆ*¥Maintaining¥personal¥healthÜ¿(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆGrade¥6.¥¥Diet¥and¥nutritionܘŠ(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆGrade¥7.¥¥ExerciseÜÞÜ(#(# ܈0 † ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆGrade¥8.¥Healthful¥environments——ï#ºX™’XXX™’_›#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïÜæ¹(#(# ÜÜ  ¦ ¬  ܘ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*±°!r "ddú d ú hd hhdd hhdd hhdd h¡(#¡(#±ïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Ü6.ˆ0 @ ˆï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Yž#ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïTHE¥THREE¥PART¥CURRICULUM:¥THE¥INDIVIDUALÜ rd ÜCURRICULUMï#ºX™’Xȹ¹YCŸ#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ#ºx@ù!@ù! 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ÜFolkloreÜ $¯*æ%@( $ÜNursery¥rhymesÜ  ¯*æ%A ÜFolk¥talesÜ  ¯*æ%B ÜÜ  ¯*æ%C ÜMythsÜ ¥( ¯*æ%D ÜDiscoveriesÜ $0,"'E( $ÜÜ  0,"'F ÜÜ  0,"'G ÜÜ  0,"'H Üï#ºX™’X˜™±¯#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïî ¥îWheelÜ 0,"'I ÜFire¥controlÜ ™,¾'J ÜAutomobilesï#ºX™’X˜™±1#ïÜ ü-»(K  Üî ¥Pîñ¡ññ¡ñï#ºX™’XXX™’#ïï½X™’XXX™’ï§A¥(U)»¼/xT`dE»¼/0xA§Ü /¿)K Üï#ºX™’XXX™’?#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïˆ † ˆThroughout¥this¥process,¥the¥goal¥of¥the¥task¥force¥is¥to¥develop¥a¥Scope¥and¥Sequence¥ChartÜ  Üthat¥is¥characterized¥by¥the¥following¥features.Ü œ“ ܈ † ˆ "­'3£3"      ­'3£€ ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    It¥specifies¥no¥more¥than¥ten¥standards¥for¥each¥subject,¥Grades¥K³12. °'3£€– ÔÜ\N(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£4"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ë ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    For¥each¥standard,¥it¥specifies¥no¥more¥than¥four¥benchmarks¥for¥each¥grade,¥eachÜ ²¡ Üstandard. °'3£Ë ÔÜ» þ(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£5"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£– ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥placement¥of¥benchmarks¥reflects¥the¥developmental¥capabilities¥of¥special¥learners. °'3£–* ÔÜ ß(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£6"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£  ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    The¥placement¥of¥benchmarks¥shows¥progression¥from¥level¥to¥level,¥without¥excessiveÜ n `  Ürepetition. °'3£ D ÔÜZ L (#(# ÜÔ    ˆ † ˆNote,¥however,¥that¥the¥grade¥level¥designations¥should¥be¥used¥very¥flexibly.¥¥The¥teachingÜ ¹¨  Üteam¥should¥place¥each¥student¥where¥he¥or¥she¥belongs¥developmentally,¥regardless¥of¥the¥grade.Ü ¬û  Üíî  î˜ ˜Developing¥the¥Curriculum¥Guide— —Ü l^  Üî4!îˆ † ˆThe¥next¥step¥in¥the¥curriculum¥process¥is¥to¥use¥the¥Scope¥and¥Sequence¥Chart¥as¥a¥basis¥forÜ ëË Üdeveloping¥a¥useful¥Curriculum¥Guide¥for¥each¥subject¥included¥in¥the¥curriculum.¥The¥goal¥is¥toÜ ¼Â Üproduce¥a¥Curriculum¥Guide¥that¥is¥teacher¥friendly.¥A¥teacher¥friendly¥guide¥is¥one¥that¥is¥clear,Ü Ïù Üeasy¥to¥use,¥and¥sharply¥focused¥on¥the¥essentials.¥¥The¥recommendation¥here¥is¥that¥each¥guideÜ â³ Üshould¥include¥these¥elements¥in¥the¥order¥listed.Ü ~p ܈ † ˆ "­'3£7"      ­'3£¹# ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    A¥statement¥about¥the¥importance¥of¥special¥education °'3£¹#Ž# Ô܈ñ(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£8"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£¤$ ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    An¥explanation¥of¥the¥regular¥curriculum,¥organized¥by¥levels °'3£¤$ˆ$ ÔÜB4(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£9"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ï% ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    For¥each¥level,¥a¥statement¥of¥the¥standards¥and¥their¥benchmarks °'3£Ï%§% ÔÜÛö(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£:"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£©& ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    A¥similar¥explanation¥and¥description¥of¥the¥special¥curriculum °'3£©&‰& ÔÜ¿ (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£;"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£»' ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Guidelines¥for¥writing¥IEPs¥based¥on¥the¥curriculum¥guide °'3£»'‹' ÔÜhZ"(#(# ÜÔ    ˆ † ˆíˆ † ˆSome¥districts¥also¥include¥the¥classroom¥learning¥objectives.¥These¥are¥the¥very¥specificÜ ,!& Üoutcomes¥for¥each¥benchmark.¥¥Here,¥for¥example,¥are¥the¥learning¥objectives¥for¥the¥Grade¥3Ü " ' Übenchmark¥for¥the¥Ý Ýlearning¥to¥learnÝÝ¥standard.Ü #š( ܘ ˜˜˜î ¥îˆ † ˆBenchmark— —:¥Learning¥from¥the¥libraryÜ f$X* ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆ1.¥Showing¥good¥behavior¥in¥the¥libraryÜ R%D + ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆ2.¥Taking¥care¥of¥library¥booksÜ >&0!, ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆ3.¥Using¥the¥computerized¥catalogÜ *'"- Üî ¥îˆ † ˆˆ  ˆ4.¥Finding¥and¥using¥encyclopedias¥in¥the¥library——Ü (#. ܈ † ˆThe¥recommendation¥is¥that¥the¥objectives¥not¥be¥included¥in¥the¥Curriculum¥Guide.¥¥InsteadÜ x)j$0 Üthey¥can¥be¥specified¥in¥the¥IEP,¥thus¥giving¥the¥teacher¥more¥flexibility.Ü d*V%1 ܈ † ˆNote¥also¥that¥the¥individual¥curriculum¥is¥not¥included¥in¥the¥guide,¥since¥it¥is¥completelyÜ ®+ü&3 Üindividualized.¥¥Instead¥it¥becomes¥an¥important¥component¥of¥the¥IEP,¥as¥explained¥below.Ü Ó,Û'4 ܈ † ˆÜ .)6 Üî  î˜ ˜Developing¥IEPs¥from¥the¥Three¥Partsˆ @Ë ˆˆ @ ˆˆ @p ˆ— —Ü  Üî÷-îˆ † ˆIt¥should¥now¥be¥a¥relatively¥simple¥matter¥to¥use¥the¥three¥parts¥of¥the¥curriculum¥to¥write¥anÜ pb ÜIEP¥for¥each¥student.¥The¥IEP¥committee¥should¥answer¥these¥questions¥in¥doing¥so.Ü \N ܈ † ˆ "­'3£<"      ­'3£ / ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Which¥standards¥and¥benchmarks¥from¥the¥regular¥curriculum¥should¥be¥emphasized? °'3£ /7/ Ôܲ¡(#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£="     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£0 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    How¥should¥the¥regular¥curriculum¥be¥adapted? °'3£0I0 ÔÜ (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£>"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ø0 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    Which¥standards¥and¥benchmarks¥from¥the¥special¥curriculum¥should¥be¥emphasized? °'3£Ø081 ÔÜ­ t (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£?"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£2 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    How¥can¥the¥individual¥curriculum¥address¥special¥needs¥not¥met¥by¥the¥regular¥or¥specialÜ Š …  Ücurriculum? °'3£2J2 ÔÜÜ å (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£@"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£L3 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    What¥instructional¥strategies¥should¥be¥used¥for¥the¥regular,¥the¥special,¥and¥theÜ 2$  Üindividual¥curriculum? °'3£L3·3 ÔÜ (#(# ÜÔ     "­'3£A"     ˆ † ˆ ­'3£Ñ4 ï2•$ïÝÝï3  ïˆ0  ˆ    How¥will¥student¥learning¥be¥assessed,¥both¥formatively¥and¥summatively? °'3£Ñ4€4 ÔÜ¥r (#(# ÜÔ    ˆ † ˆíˆ@ÈÈ"“ˆ˜ ˜A¥Concluding¥Note— —ÃÜ D6 ܈ † ˆSpecial¥students¥deserve¥the¥best.¥¥A¥quality¥curriculum¥is¥one¥major¥component¥ofÜ Ïù Üexcellence¥in¥education¥for¥special¥learners.Ü  â³ ܘ ˜ï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïï*±°%r &dd(dd ((dd ((dd ((dd ((dd (r ¡(#¡(#±ïï,Ldd ïï+  ïÜ  Üï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Yú6#ïï½¹¹YÈXX™’ïREFERENCESï#ºX™’Xȹ¹Yí7#ïï½™±˜XX™’ïÜ rd Ü— —ˆ † ˆíˆ0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆï#ºX™’X˜™±8#ïï#ºX™’XXX™’×#ïï½X™’XXX™’ïFord,¥A.,¥Davern,¥L.,¥&¥Schnorr,¥R.¥(1992).¥Inclusive¥education:¥Making¥sense¥of¥the¥curriculum.Ü ËÓ ÜIn¥S.¥Stainback¥&¥W.¥Stainback¥(Eds.),¥˜˜Curriculum¥Considerations¥in¥Inclusive¥Classrooms——Ü  õ Ü(pp.¥37³64).¥Baltimore,¥MD:¥Brookes.Üù Ɇ(#†(# ܈0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆGlatthorn,¥A.¥A.¥(1999).¥˜˜Performance¥Standards¥and¥Authentic¥Learning˜˜——.——¥Larchmont,¥NY:¥EyeÜ œ “ Üon¥Education.ܾ ¯†(#†(# ܈0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆKendall,¥J.¥S.¥&¥Marzano,¥R.¥J.¥(1997).¥˜˜Content¥Knowledge:¥A¥Compendium¥of¥Standards¥andÜ H:  ÜBenchmarks¥for¥K³12¥Education——¥(2nd¥ed.).¥Alexandria,¥VA:¥Association¥of¥Supervision¥andÜ 4&  ÜCurriculum¥Development.Ü  †(#†(# ܈0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆLoud,¥R.¥J.¥&¥Brolin,¥D.¥E.¥(1997).¥˜˜Life³Centered¥Career¥Education.¥——Reston,¥VA:¥¥Council¥forÜ ­t  ÜExceptional¥Children.Ün` †(#†(# ܈0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆMastropieri,¥M.A.¥&¥Scroggs,¥T.¥E.¥(1992).¥Science¥for¥students¥with¥disabilities.¥˜˜Review¥ofÜ Üå ÜEducational¥Research,¥62——,¥377³411.ܹ¨†(#†(# ܈0 † ˆˆ ¡ ˆSchrag,¥J.¥A.¥(1993).¥˜˜Organizational,¥Instructional,¥and¥Curricular¥Strategies¥to¥Support¥theÜ  ÜImplementation¥of¥Unified,¥Coordinated,¥and¥Inclusive¥Schools.——¥Reston,¥VA:¥¥Council¥forÜ  Ÿ ÜExceptional¥ChildrenÜš†(#†(# ܈ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆˆ ü ˆˆ Š ˆˆ  ˆˆ < ˆíííˆ † ˆˆ  ˆˆ 4 ˆˆ ` ˆˆ Ô ˆˆ ü ˆˆ Š ˆˆ  ˆˆ < ˆííˆ † ˆï#ºX™’XXX™’²8#ï